Genes encoding LIM domain-binding factors were initially isolated in a screen for proteins that physically interact with the LIM domains of nuclear proteins (summarized by Semina et al., 1998 [PubMed 9799849]). These proteins, such as the one encoded by the LDB2 gene, are capable of binding to a variety of transcription factors and are likely to function at enhancers to bring together diverse transcription factors and form higher order activation complexes or to block formation of such complexes (Jurata and Gill, 1997 [PubMed 9315627]). The family of genes encoding LIM domain-binding factors includes 2 members isolated from the mouse, Clim1 (Bach et al., 1997 [PubMed 9192866]) and Clim2/Lbd1/Nli (Agulnick et al., 1996 [PubMed 8918878]; Jurata et al., 1996 [PubMed 8876198]; Bach et al., 1997 [PubMed 9192866]) and their homologs cloned from the frog, chicken, and fly. The fact that LIM domain-binding factors are likely to be involved in the coordination of the transcriptional activity of many diverse factors might implicate them in human phenotypes characterized by multiple affected sites.